Reflection Essay Writing Essay

English 98was an educational and intriguing class. It was instructed by educator Rall, who is a magnificent individual and brilliant instructor. We secured heaps of rules material and talked about subjects during the residency of the class. We additionally learned numerous new thoughts regarding the occurrences going on in our nation, which were extraordinary for us. Perusing aptitudes were additionally sharpened while perusing different articles and stories. Article composing was a significant piece of the class. We composed exposition on handled food and weapon control, and gay issues. Each paper showed us an alternate style or type of composing. I can sincerely say my paper aptitudes have improved immensely throughout this year on account of the numerous abilities learned in this class ; nonetheless, I do feel I need more practice in planned article. We read our friends expositions, right the syntactic blunders, offered proposals to word position, and sentence utilization. Inspecting and remedial aptitudes educated will be exceptionally useful later on as we keep on composing expositions during school. Seeing others right my articles helped me see my papers from various perspectives. Here and there letting another person read your paper can assist you with concocting a plan to use in your paper that you probably won't have seen previously. I fell your class was enlightening and I accept there is not something to be changed. The manner in which you examined issues our reality is going tossed today caused me to get increasingly occupied with the subjects. I feel my secondary school English classes were squandered in light of the fact that my instructors couldn't have cared less, I was kicked out my lesser year and I was sent to grown-up school. Everything we accomplished was work out of the book, I was acknowledged back to my school my senior year. At the point when I got sent back to secondary school I had an instructor who had our class occupied with the subject, I got through the class with an A+. You help me to remember him and I making the most of your group.

Amiri Baraka and the Black Arts Movement

The Postwar 1920s was decade of the â€Å"New Negro† and the Jazz Age â€Å"Harlem Renaissance,† or first Black Renaissance of scholarly, visual and performing expressions. During the 1960s and 70s Vietnam War and Civil Right period, another type of dark specialists and erudite people drove what they called the Black Arts Movement. The Black Arts Movement appeared even as the break between the highly contrasting society in America augmented in the 1960's, in the wake of Civil Rights development, shaking the nation's political and social dependability. Truth be told, the historical backdrop of African American verse in the twentieth century can be partitioned not into two however three ages: the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and mid 1930s, the post-Renaissance verse of the 1940s and 1950s, and the Black Arts development of the 1960s and 1970s. The Harlem Renaissance was the primary significant blooming of imaginative action by African American essayists, specialists, and performers in the twentieth century. During the 1940s and 1950s, there wasâ a recovery of African American section, drove by Melvin Tolson, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Robert Heyden. At long last, a third influx of African American verse rose in the late 1960s with the Black Arts development or Black Esthetic. It was persuaded by the recently rising racial and political cognizance (Neal 236). Writers, for example, Amiri Baraka, June Jordan, Nikki Giovanni, Sonia Sanchez, Audre Lorde, Ishmael Reed , and Michael S. Harper delivered verse that was rawer in its language structure and furthermore regularly conveyed sharp, activist messages. While the Harlem Renaissance was the artistic cutting edge development, the Black Arts Movement was the beautiful vanguard of the 1960's. The Black Arts development †otherwise called the New Black Consciousness, and the New Black Renaissance †started in the mid-1960s and went on until the mid-1970s, however it waited on for some time from that point, in any event, spreading into the 80s. The verse, exposition fiction, dramatization, and analysis composed by African Americans during this period communicated an intensely activist disposition toward white American culture and its bigot practices and belief systems. Mottos, for example, â€Å"Black Power,† â€Å"Black Pride† and â€Å"Black is Beautiful† spoken to a feeling of political, social, and social opportunity for African Americans, who had picked up not just their very own uplifted feeling mistreatment yet additionally a more prominent sentiment of solidarity with different pieces of the dark world: African and the Caribbean. The youthful craftsmen of the Black Artists Movement were battling for a social upheaval (Woodard â€Å"Amir i Baraka† 60). The new soul of militancy and social rebellion that described the racial legislative issues of the late 1960s effectsly affected the manner in which African American verse was composed. There was pressure on African American artists, like never before previously, to deliver work that was unequivocally political in nature and that tended to issues of race and racial mistreatment. The Black Arts development was unequivocally connected with the Black Power development and its image of radical and progressive governmental issues. The development of Black Power as a mass motto flagged a major defining moment in the advanced Afro-American freedom battle, conveying it to the edge of another stage. †Harry Haywood, Black Bolshevik (Quoted in Woodard â€Å"A Nation Within† 69) The Black Arts and the Black Power development was additionally stirred energetically by the 1968 death of Martin Luther King , Jr. also, by the irate mobs and the consuming of downtowns that followed. (Wynter 109). The scholars and craftsmen of the Black Arts Movement had gone a lot farther than Harlem Renaissance in affirming the bigger political and profound character of the Black individuals. Most importantly, Blacks would in general will not be decided by the predominant white measures of magnificence, worth and insight any longer (Leon 28). In the sonnets and basic explanations of Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal and others, there was another degree of racial awareness, and more clear procedure of self-definition. Their voice didn't restrict itself to  negative dissent, yet decidedly tried to give another vision of opportunity. The youthful dark writers of the Movement got some distance from the formal or innovator styles of prior dark artists and advanced an idyllic structure that mirrored the crudeness of the lanes. Generally noticeable among these artists were Amiri Baraka, Audre Lorde, Nikki Giovaani, Don L. Lee (Haki Madhubuti), Etheridge Knight, David Henderson, June Jordan, Ishmael Reed, Michael S. Harper, Clarence Major, Sonia Sanchez, Kayne Cortex, and Lucille Clifton. The predominant topic in African American verse, has consistently been that of freedom, regardless of whether from bondage, from isolation, or even from a desire for incorporation into the standard white working class society. Another significant subject in African American verse has been the worry with a profound or enchanted measurement, regardless of whether in religion, African folklore, or melodic structures like psalms, blues, and jazz. Since the ‘mystical' introduced a more noteworthy feeling of opportunity, rather than the abuse of the ‘political' and the ‘social'. The dark cutting edge of the 60’s was established in the contemporary well known African American otherworldly practices. James Stewart, in his exposition â€Å"The Development of the Black Revolutionary Artist† in the compilation of Afro-American composing Black Fire, weights on the nature and essentialness of the soul: That soul is dark That soul is non-white. That soul is patois. That soul is Samba. Voodoo. The dark Baptist church in the South. (cited in Smethurst 65) Moving from soul, with regards to the word the twentieth century dark verse included references to both conversational dark discourse, as far as style and structure,. The youthful dark writers of the 1960s concentrated considerably more vigorously on the everyday parts of discourse than their ancestors. They stressedâ on the contemporary colloquialism of urban blacks, on references to explicitly dark culture and social practices, and on a sensible delineation of life in downtowns. These sonnets typified a type of language and a profundity of experience that was new to most white perusers. It is additionally evident that regularly the plan of the sonnet in question, at any rate to some degree, stunning the perusers. During the age of subjection, white Americans viewed discourse contrasts as a sign of dark inadequacy. Dark individuals were characteristically introduced as talking babble, and when they made endeavors at standard English, the outcomes was laughed at. Numerous nineteenth-century African American essayists focused on exhibiting their order of standard English as a political protection against likening dark discourse with scholarly inferiority.â But others, for example, Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles Chesnutt utilized lingo to communicate the genuineness of expressive dark vernacular. During the 1920s Harlem Renaissance, and thusly in a progressively heightened way during the 1960s Black Arts Movement, African American authors turned out to be increasingly expectation on celebrating and catching the subtleties of dark discourse. Ostensibly, the most compelling a major trend dark artists was Amiri Baraka. Conceived Leroi Jones in Newark, New Jersey, in 1934, Baraka distributed under that name until 1968. Subsequent to moving on from Howard University, Baraka served in the Air Force until the age of twenty-four, when he moved to Greenwich Village in New York City and turned out to be a piece of the vanguard artistic scene, warming up to writers, for example, Allen Ginsberg, Charles Olson, and Frank O'Hara. During this period, Baraka was increasingly attracted to the verse and thoughts of the Beats and other white cutting edge developments than to the legislative issues of dark nonconformity; he wedded a white lady; he composed sonnets, exposition, plays, and a novel inside the setting of the Beat counterculture; and he altered two magazines. Be that as it may, Baraka's enthusiasm for racial issues was clear even in the mid 1960s, as prove in his authentic examination Blues People: Negro Music in White America (1963) and in plays such Dutchman (1964) and The Slave (1964). In the mid-1960's, Baraka was profoundly influenced by the demise of Malcom X, and in this manner changed the focal point of his life. He separated and moved to Harlem, he changed over to the Muslim confidence and took another name (Charters 469). He at that point established the Black Arts Repertory Theater/School in New York City and Spirit House in Newark. He turned into the main representative for the Black Arts development. He was almost pounded the life out of in the Newark race uproars of 1967. In 1968, Baraka co-altered Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing, which included social papers, dramatization, and fiction just as verse. In 1969, he distributed his verse assortment Black Magic Poetry: 1961 †1967. Baraka's verse changed drastically during the 1960s, as he abandoned an obscure feeling of social distance to a progressive vision which reflected profound fondness to dark culture. Baraka's most well known sonnet is â€Å"Black Art† (1966) and has been known as the mark sonnet of the Black Arts Movement, however pundits will in general be unequivocally isolated on it. Screw sonnets what's more, they are valuable, wd they shoot come at you, love what you are, inhale like grapplers, or shiver abnormally in the wake of pissing. We need live expressions of the hip world live tissue and flowing blood. Hearts Brains Spirits fragmenting fire. We need sonnets like clench hands beating niggers out of Jocks or then again knife sonnets in the disgusting stomaches of the proprietor jews. Dark sonnets to smear on girdlemamma mulatto bitches whose cerebrums are red jam stuck between ‘lizabeth taylor's toes. Smelling Prostitutes! We need â€Å"poems that kill.† Professional killer sonnets, Poems that shoot firearms. Sonnets that wrestle cops into back streets what's more, take their weapons leaving them dead with tongues pulled out and sent to Ireland. Knockoff sonnets for dope selling wops or smooth halfwhite government officials Airplane sonnets, rrrrrrrrrrrrrr

The Process of Writing a Background Writing Paper

The Process of Writing a Background Writing PaperIf you need to write a detailed report or a lengthy dissertation, you can easily do so with the help of information that is required in a background writing paper. This can be done by simply going through the papers that you have read and collected from various websites. When this information is put together it will give you an overall impression on a certain person's life. The Internet can offer you a lot of details that you may not have known about.All you have to do is get hold of the forms and documents that are available online and bring them to your computer for further processing. All you have to do is put some questions in the form and add the required information to the form. After doing this you will have the background writing paper of your choice ready. You can even copy and paste the information and ask your colleague or anyone else to work on it.If you want to create a background writing paper, it is best to ensure that y ou write it properly. It is always advisable to make sure that the information you give is accurate. There is no point in adding one or two wrong things on the document. If you make a mistake, then it will be very difficult to correct it later on. So, make sure that you understand all the necessary information on your topic before you start writing.The basis of the background writing paper is to give an idea about the person's past. Even if you want to know about a person's good points, it is important to put them in a proper perspective. At the same time, you should not focus too much on the bad points of the person.Another important thing that should be kept in mind while creating a background writing paper is to make sure that the article that you write is unbiased. This means that you should not get to know anything about the person except his or her good points. Otherwise, the reader will not be able to form an opinion about the person as a whole.The background writing paper sh ould also be in accordance with the specific task that you have set. For example, if you are writing about the upcoming elections, then you need to make sure that you include as many details as possible in the document. Also, you should always leave out anything that is not relevant to the article. However, if you know that the person has committed a mistake in his or her past, then it is important to remember to include that.If you are having problems to find the information that you need for the background writing paper, then you can always refer to the previous articles that are available on the Internet. You can also contact the relevant authority in order to get the required information that you need. You can get a report form or a list of all the documents that are related to the person that you have written about. This will help you in collecting all the required information that you need to write the background writing paper.You should keep in mind that the background writin g paper should not be based on the opinions or any judgment. You should also include all the details that you have gathered about the person.

Populist and Progressive Reform in American History

Populist and Progressive Reform in American History Throughout American history, reform was common among people of a particular, race, gender, or class used to accomplish change. The emergence of the populist and progressive movements were a response to the changing climate in American society due to rapid industrialization, an ethnically diverse personality of a young nation, and birth of American imperialism. Disgruntled American farmers that wished to advance their economic position initiated the Populist movement. Progressives pushed to improve urban labor conditions, dismantle trusts and monopolies, conserve of environment, and to install an active government. Populism and Progressivism had many similarities and differences, which†¦show more content†¦Discontented farmers, despite their passion, lacked the numbers to make a national impact. They accomplished many of their goals, though most were not recognized as populist achievements. Ultimately, class played a primary role in the apparent failure of the populists in c omparison to the success of the progressives. Despite the brevity of its existence, the Populist movement exercised a profound influence on subsequent U.S. political life. Almost all the Populist demands, which at one time were widely viewed as radical and contradictory to America’s free enterprise system, were eventually enacted into law. The Progressive Movement was an outgrowth of previous reform eras, including the ideas first presented by the Populists. While many Progressives were originally anti-Populists, they eventually came to believe that the large corporations and other monopolies that they were trying to reform were similar to the farmer’s revolts against the railroads and commercial practices and regulations of the government. As a continuation of populist ideology, the progressive movement accomplished a great feat with the passing of the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 created the Interstate Com merce Commission, the first true federal regulatory agency, to control the issues of railroad abuse and discrimination. Railroad companies were required to have and publish reasonableShow MoreRelatedThe Populists and Progressives1137 Words   |  5 Pagesboth the Populist Party and Progressive movement wanted to preserve some things, while also addressing the need for reform. Although many of the ideas and goals of these â€Å"Third parties† were initially not legislated and considered far-fetched, many of these ideas later became fundamental laws throughout American history. The Populists and Progressives were both grass roots movements, and addressed the needs of the poor and powerless, for the Populists it was farmers and for the Progressives it wasRead MoreEssay about The Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints Works Cited Missing Two people witnessing the same event can have very different views on it depending on their information and perspective. The presentation of history also changes depending on the resources and prior prejudices and personal views of the historian. Four historian’s interpretations on the Progressive Era and Progressivism were reviewed to determine whether their arguments and use of evidence were sound. Also, the particular knownRead MoreThe Numerous Changes to America from Reconstruction to the New Deal1582 Words   |  7 Pagesdominated by white men who ran the country while there were no rights for women, blacks, and immigrants. In 1876, Americans lived on farms in rural America. By the 1930s, America was a welfare state with government just starting to control different aspects such as economy and corporations. In the 1930s women, blacks, and immigrants all had the right to vote, and the majority of Americans were living in cities. Blacks had the right to vote; howeve r, they were usually disenfranchised by whites. TheRead MoreEssay about Richard Hofstadters The Age of Reform2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Age of Reform In 1955, Richard Hofstadter wrote his Pulitzer Prize winning book The Age of Reform, about the Gilded Age. Hofstadter’s arguments about the Populist and Progressive movements and their origins started debate and renewed scholarship on the Populist and Progressive movements. Many historians did not agree with Hofstadter’s arguments and published their own papers stating their conclusions based on their own research. This scenario occurs all the time in the history field. OneRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1949 Words   |  8 PagesWorld Wars, mass reform, limiting basic human rights, economic collapse, social migration, and more had shaped the United States throughout all of history. The most important of these changes, however, occurred during America’s progressive era. The Progressive era is defined as the time period of 1890 to 1920. Even though, progressive presidents were not in office during that entire time period, the ideals that they enacted a nd developed throughout the United States. The Progressive Era saw the expansionRead MoreChanges in American Life Influenced by Progressive Movements552 Words   |  2 Pagesbase idea of freedom. Progressive movements were very essential to Americans life because they changed the way American looked at the real world. Without the help of progressive movement we werent going to get some of the rights that we have now. Populists: The Populist movement also influenced progressivism. While rejecting the call for free silver, the progressives embraced the political reforms of SECRET BALLOT, INITIATIVE, REFERENDUM, and RECALL. Most of these reforms were on the state levelRead More History Essay2625 Words   |  11 PagesHistory The study of history is a challenging and often ambiguous pursuit of reconstruction. Historians are forced to remove themselves from the confines of modernity while desperately trying to grasp the fleeting remnants of an ever fading past. It is impossible, however, for a historian to fully accomplish either one of these necessities of research. The present remains an integral part of his perspective causing a distinctive slant in the analysis; evidence of the past can remain hiddenRead MoreThe Progressive Era857 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout American history there have been many periods of transformation. These transformations aren’t always apparent to them and many other times they have no idea it is happening until decades later. Regardless of what happened in different eras of history one thing always holds true, it made America who they are as a country. From the late 19th century into the early 20th century America went through one of these transformations with the birth of the progressive era. It left it’s imprintRead MoreThe Influence of the Populist Platform on America1250 Words   |  5 Pages Nevertheless, this social injustice was the reason that leads to the farmers’ Revolt, seeking to remedy their condition. In the late 1870s, an alliance has been founded in forty-three states that afterwards developed into a political party the populists. The party’s goal was to replace the democrats (capitalists) as the nation’s second party and being able to return the stolen privileges and rights of the poor producing class. By 1892 the party issued a document called the platform. It addressedRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesSinclair found much fault and great room for improvement. Sinclair perceived the problem in American society to be the reign of capitalism. In The Jungle, he presented the reader with the Rudkus family; who encountered a great deal of strife and anguish, through which the evils of American capitalism were portrayed. Upton Sinclair strongly believed in the power of the Socialist party as means of reform, so that the working class would finally have a fair chance of survival against the harsh realms

The Value of Philosophy Essay example - 604 Words

9:30 T/Thu Philosophy In Russell’s discussion â€Å"The Value of Philosophy,† he asserted that the true goal of Philosophy wasn’t a tangible, or even reachable, goal. He says that Philosophy won’t lead us to any definite answers, because once you acquire solid knowledge of a subject, it instantly becomes another science. Instead that the greatest value of this study comes from the mental freedom you get when you begin to question the status quo and not just accepting things as they are. He also says that questioning these everyday issues will not lead to a solid answer through the use of Philosophy. But those doubts will inevitably open you up to the infinite possibilities that are available in the world that neither you, nor myself would†¦show more content†¦But as I, and many others can attest to, they will have their claims dismissed, and they will be shunned for trying to shake the foundation they’ve used to build their lives. But those outside of the cave s houldn’t be angry at those on the inside. Though that may be the first instinct, but upon further inspection, they may begin to feel a measure of pity for those on the inside. A quote that is very applicable to this situation comes from Socrates. He once stated that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living.† You don’t even have to pretend to be in the cave to know that a life of mindlessly staring at shadows on a wall is a dismal life to lead. Russell would implore these men to question their status of living. Had they have opened their minds to the simple POSSIBILITY that the one who returned from the outside world was telling the truth, who knows where they could be? But instead, they remain content to play games with the shadows that people force them to look at for the remainder of their lives. Proving once again, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worthShow MoreRelatedValue of Philosophy Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy is the study of examinin g and thinking about questionable ethical problems and/or generally accepted certainties. Philosophy aims at knowledge that combines a variety of academic fields as well as convictions, prejudices and beliefs. What is Russell’s essay about? Present Russell’s position in your own words. Bertrand Russell’s essay addresses many issues concerning philosophy. In the writing, he states philosophy’s nature, value, and criticisms. The essay explains these aspects ofRead MoreThe Value of Philosophy Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesThe Value of Philosophy The word â€Å"philosophy† is derived from two ancient Greek words, â€Å"philos† meaning ‘love of’ and â€Å"sophia† meaning ‘wisdom’. Philosophers are lovers of wisdom. They have had the time and resources to sit back and wonder about what things really are like when all the pieces are fitted into one final accounting. The history of philosophy is generally divided into four stages or periods. Ancient philosophy covers Greek and Roman philosophy. Medieval philosophy deals withRead MoreThe Values Of Philosophy : Questions1017 Words   |  5 PagesName Instructor Course Institution Date The Values of Philosophy Question #1 String theory seeks to explain the origins of universe and combines the four forces of nature. It is apparent that it was impossible to integrate the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity before the string theory. For three decades, string theory has played a key role in theoretical physics because the theory explains the Big Bang that took place some 300 billion years ago, which led to violent riseRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy : Lord Russell1522 Words   |  7 PagesValue is defined as something that is considered important or beneficial. Philosophy is a rational argument about the â€Å"big questions† such as knowledge, love, ethics, morals, etc. Philosopher Lord Bertrand Russell stated that [p]hilosophy is to be studied not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves; because these questions enlarge our conception of what is possible, enrichRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy By Bertrand Russell803 Words   |  4 PagesThe essay The Value of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell suggests that many â€Å"practical† people view philosophy as rather useless, because these people are – according to Bertrand Russell – operating both with wrong conceptions about the ends of life and wrong conceptions about what goods philosophy strives to achieve. According to Russell the value of philosophy is in what it does for the person who studies it. He makes the point that goods of the mind are as important in life as goods of the bodyRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy And Its Influence On Society1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe value of philosophy lies in its ability to influence a society and/or provide wisdom to others. Often philosophy is mistakenly thought of as inadequate compared to science. Breakthroughs in medicine allow us to live healthier and longer lives; While technological advances allow for a more connected and convenient world. Despite popular belief, philosophy is just as evident as science in advancing society. Contrary to the empirical measurement’s that science provides, philosophy provides wisdomRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy By Bertrand Russell1959 Words   |  8 PagesThe Value of Philosophy In Bertrand Russell’s article â€Å"The Value of Philosophy† in his The Problems of Philosophy, he may as well be looking at the problems of his argument. Russell does reach his purpose and is able to make valid conclusions that are well supported for why and how philosophy is valuable, but his credibility can be called into question. He makes cases that allow for weaknesses and sets limitations on what he says. It is limitations he puts on how he defines philosophy and the weaknessRead MorePersonal Value Philosophy Paper1461 Words   |  6 Pagesassessment tool used to analyze one’s perspective and style thru a series of questions asked and answered. The tool provides deeper insight into an individual’s core belief system. The tool refers to four broad characterizations represented in ethical philosophy. This tool was used by the writer for an Interdisplinary Capstone class taken in January 2007. The writer learned her ethical perspective is most likely to be based on a blended profile Character and Obligation, and her least ethical perspectiveRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Health Policy Values871 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Policy Values As human beings, we all have our own values, beliefs and attitudes that we have developed throughout the course of our lives. Our family, friends, community and the experiences we have had all contribute to our sense of who we are and how we view the world (The Gospel Coalition, 2014). Values are principles, standards or qualities that an individual or group of people hold in high regard. These values guide the way this author lives and the decisions made throughout my life.Read MoreMarket Management Philosophies : Concept Of Value2619 Words   |  11 PagesMarket Management Philosophies Concept of Value Value is considered to be an important constituent of marketing and the ability of a company to provide superior value to its customers. The essential idea of marketing is offering customers superior value (Doyle, 2008). By adding more value to commodity, companies seek to improve customer satisfaction so that bonds are strengthened in order to achieve customer loyalty. The most frequently used definition of value is that value is relationship between

Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Wife of Bath Essay

Everyone has a story. Certainly Chaucer believes so as he weaves together tales of twenty nine different people on their common journey to Canterbury. Through their time on the road, these characters explore the diverse lives of those traveling together, narrated by the host of the group. Each character in the ensemble is entitled to a prologue, explaining his or her life and the reasons for the tale, as well as the actual story, meant to have moral implications or simply to entertain. One narrative in particular, that of the Wife of Bath, serves both purposes: to teach and to amuse. She renounces the submissive roles of a woman and reveals the moral to her story while portraying women as sex seeking, powerful creatures, an amusing thought†¦show more content†¦She says, â€Å"A knowing woman’s work is never done / To get a lover if she hasn’t one† (282). Through this statement, she implies that a woman needs a man, or at least needs to be able to seduce a man. However, the woman does not depend on a man to fulfill her and make her complete, as was a common concept; but rather, the woman dominates the man and takes advantage of the relationship. The concept that sex can be used as a means to an end is nothing new; however, Alison presents the idea that women can use their bodies for both pleasure and power. She states, â€Å"‘A man must yield his wife her debts’ / What means of paying her can he invent / Unless he use his silly instrument?† (280). Indeed, his instrument can pay his wife in the form of pleasure, while also allowing her clout in the relationship. The Wife goes on to establish the consensual aspect of sex in a marriage, saying, â€Å"In wifehood I will use my instrument / As freely as my Maker me it sent. / If I turn difficult, God give me sorrow! My husband, he shall have it eve and morrow† (280). Not only does she give her husband sex, she wants to fulfill his sexual desires. Later in her narrative, she admits to getting paid for sex with a few of her husbands. She says, â€Å"‘It’s all for sale and let him win who can.’ / No empty-handed man can lure a bird. / His pleasures were my profit; I concurred† (287). She expertly devises a plan to get what she wants while getting paid for it as well. This is the underlying theme ofShow MoreRelatedThe Wife Of Bath Tales And Chaucers The Canterbury Tales791 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"dead body did not feel the spade and the sewer as [her] live body felt the fire† (92). Shakespeare depicts Joan, in Henry VI, as â€Å"a ‘troll,’ ‘witch,’ ‘strumpet,’ ‘foul fiend of France’ (qtd. in Sarawsat 90). Likewise, Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales represents the ‘wife of Bath Tale’ as bawdy. The protagonist Alison â€Å"still submits to the rule of patriarchal world†, she suffers because she is oppressed to the bone. She â€Å"struggles for respect in her own household†. That is why; she needs an inner upheavalRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Strong Wife of Bath1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strong Wife of Bath       Alison of Bath as a battered wife may seem all wrong, but her fifth husband, Jankyn, did torment her and knock her down, if not out, deafening her somewhat in the process. Nevertheless, the Wife of Bath got the upper hand in this marriage as she had done in the other four and as she would probably do in the sixth, which she declared herself ready to welcome. Alison certainly ranks high among women able to gain control over their mates.    The Wife of BathsRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Powerful Wife of Bath1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Powerful Wife of Bath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chacers The Canterbury Tales we are introduced to 29 people who are going on a pilgrimage to St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. Each person is represented to fit a unique type of behavior as shown by people during the medieval ages.   My attention was drawn to the Wife of Bath through which Chaucer notes the gender inequalities.   Predominantly, women could either choose to marry and become a childbearing wife or go intoRead More Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales1623 Words   |  7 Pages Character Analysis of The Wife of Bath of Chaucers Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales is Geoffrey Chaucers greatest and most memorable work. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses a fictitious pilgrimage [to Canterbury] as a framing device for a number of stories (Norton 79). In The General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes in detail the pilgrims he meets in the inn on their way to Canterbury. Chaucer is the author, but also a character and the narrator, and acts likeRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Women in The Wife of Bath1433 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers The Wife of Bath Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale is a medieval legend that paints a portrait of strong women finding love and themselves in the direst of situations. It is presented to the modern day reader as an early tale of feminism showcasing the ways a female character gains power within a repressive, patriarchal society. Underneath the simplistic plot of female empowerment lies an underbelly of anti-feminism. Sometimes this is presented blatantlyRead More Canterbury Tales - Comparing Chaucers The Clerks Tale and The Wife of Bath Tale1963 Words   |  8 Pages In The Clerks Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale from Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, characters are demanding, powerful and manipulating in order to gain obedience from others. From all of The Canterbury Tales, The Clerks Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale are the two most similar tales. These tales relate to each other in the terms of obedience and the treatment of women. The Wife of Bath Tale consists of one woman who has complete controlRead MoreThe Wife of Bath from Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay592 Words   |  3 PagesThe Wife of Bath from Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales is presented during a pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. The pilgrims on the journey are from divergent economic and social backgrounds but they have all amalgamated to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas. Chaucer uses each pilgrim to tell a tale which portrays an arduous medieval society. The values, morals and social structures of the society can be examined through theRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Wife of Bath - Feminist or Anti-feminist?1451 Words   |  6 Pages In view of the fact that the Wife of Bath herself does seem to behave in the manner women are accused of behaving by the anti-feminist writers, it is not impossible that the Wife of Baths Prologue could be considered a vehicle for the anti-feminist message under the guise of a seeming feminist exterior, since her confession is frequently self-incriminating (e.g. her treatment of her husbands, her tendency to swere and lyen) and demonstrates the truth of the claims made by the anti-feministsRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Use of Characterization Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesappealed to those of all walks of life. Chaucer’s work resulted in mass appeal because it used many forms of characterization to present the characters to the reader. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses thoughts and actions, his word, and satire to characterize The Squire and The Wife of Bath. Geoffrey Chaucer is well known for his use of characterization in his works. A notable work of Chaucer was Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. This piece was notable because it appealedRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages The Canterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Prioress, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, are

Corporate Attribution And A Directing Mind †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporate Attribution And A Directing Mind? Answer: Introducation A company is deemed as a legal person although it has to act through the natural persons and so, there is a need for the rules to govern the attribution of the companies for the state of mind and the act of the individuals. In simple words, directing mind and will, for a company refers to the identification of the natural person who has the management, as well as, control, with regards to the act in question. Lord Ried, in the criminal case of Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1972] A.C. 153 HL, associated the directing mind and will test with the requirement of identification of the living person who could be deemed as the companys embodiment. This was the leading case in the matter of this theory, in which the court held that the store manager was not the one who was directing the will and mind of the company (Bailii, 2017). In the civil case of El-Ajou v Dollar Land Holdings Plc [1994] 2 All E.R. 685, the Court of Appeal members favoured a flexible interpretation of this test as the natural persons who had the control, as well as, management regarding the omission or the act in question and this is to be deemed as directing mind and will. So, the directors or the other key members of the board, or any other person for such purposes, who steers the company in a particular direction, towards the particular act, would be identified through the use of this concept (Ferran, 2012). The company form of business structure has been given the status of separate legal entity, whereby they are given a distinguished status from the individuals who run its operations and daily activities. And so, for the actions of such individuals, the company is not liable, and the same is true, the other way round. However, the concept of piercing the corporate veil is a concept, whereby the separate legal entity status of the companies is set aside and the court, in needful cases, pierces the veil of a corporate, which is being used in an unfair manner by the individuals (Wibberley et al. 2017). The conception of piercing of corporate veil was established through the case of Salomon Co Ltd [1897] AC 22, in which Salomon was the shoe manufacturer who used the company as a shield to incur debts for the company. The court stated that from the very date on which a company is incorporated, it becomes legal persona and has distinctive rights and liabilities from its shareholders and members; though, in extraordinary cases, the veil can be pierced. And so in this case, the case pierced the corporate veil of the company and held Salomon liable for the debts which were undertaken (McLaughlin, 2015). Thus, when the corporate veil of the company is pierced, it treats the rights and duties of the company as that of the shareholders. And for the purpose of piercing the corporate veil, the quoted case is cited quite often. References Bailii. (2017) Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1971] UKHL 1 (31 March 1971). [Online] Bailii. Available from: https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1971/1.html [Accessed on: 19/09/17] Ferran, E. (2012) Corporate Attribution and the Directing Mind and Will. [Online] University of Cambridge. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2025884 [Accessed on: 19/09/17] McLaughlin, S. (2015) Unlocking business Law. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge. Wibberley, J., Chambers, G., and Gioia, M.D. (2017) Lifting, Piercing And Sidestepping The Corporate Veil. [Online] Guildhall Chambers. Available from: https://www.guildhallchambers.co.uk/uploadedFiles/PiercingtheCorporate%20Veil.JW,MDG.pdf [Accessed on: 19/09/17]

The Writer’s Art of Eavesdropping - The Writers For Hire

THE WRITER’S ART OF EAVESDROPPING I’m nosey. I’ll be the first to admit it. But, when you spend multiple hours each day in a public coffee shop, it’s hard not to be. As a writer whose home office is frequently overrun with noisy kids, I do a lot of my work from my favorite Starbucks. It’s really the perfect setting. I get free refills on my coffee (which every writer knows is a necessity), and have plenty of choices for both indoor and outdoor seating. One of my favorite benefits, though, is the incredible conversations I get to overhear. Now, before you judge me, let me explain†¦ I never sit down, open my laptop, and then actively TRY to eavesdrop on conversations going on around me. Actually, I generally try not to focus on what is going on around me, and instead put all of my attention into whatever project I am working on. Frequently, though, those conversations are hard to ignore. It always blows my mind that so many people are willing to discuss the intimate details of their lives in a public space. What surprises me more, though, is just how loud they discuss those things. From play-by-play accounts of scandalous affairs to full blown screaming matches, I have heard it all. So much, in fact, that I have considered writing a book about my experiences at the coffee shop. Through a little google research, I found that I am not the only nosey person looking to unveil the crazy things I hear in public. This fascinating article from entrepreneur.com features a story about the creator of increasingly popular Instagram accounts, @overheardLA and @OverheardNewYork, and how he gained 2.6 MILLION Instagram followers through his stories of public eavesdropping. The Instagram account, which features funny quotes that users heard in public, makes me realize that I am definitely not alone in my eavesdropping habits. It also makes me think that writing a book really is a great idea!

Rhythm & Lyrics essays

Rhythm & Lyrics essays Personally, I think music is an essential part of everyday life. Music can set the mood for every occasion. There is music at weddings, dancing clubs, funerals, graduations, etc. For any typical day, a person can enjoy multiple main stream music such as, R s really hard to say what my favorite kind of music is because I listen to so many different kinds. Its also heavily depending on my mood. When I am taking a drive, I mostly listen to techno, especially if I am going really fast on a cool summer day. I often go to the club just to feel the beat of a hip-hop or techno song. Its a really great way for me to end my long day at work. When Im working at my restaurant, the instrumental music is a constant reminder that this is not a fast food; I cant walk fast or talk real loud. At any time when I want to take a nap, I would turn on really slow songs to put me at ease. When Im with my girlfriend, she would listen to love songs, which I also dont mind at all. I really enjoy th e work of Bryan Adams, Richard Marx and other alternative rock bands because their songs talk about realistic issues relating to love and life. In addition, I also listen to many rap or country songs, even though I dont like them all that much. There are times when I feel a certain way, so I listen to a song that explains the way I feel. It can also recall the memories that I have missed. I guess the phrase you are what you listen to really applied to my personality because I am always so undecided. ...

Managing finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing finance - Essay Example As can be seen from the above table, Option 1 has a positive Net present Value at a discount rate of 10%, and negative NPVs at 20 and 25%. Option 2 has negative NPVs for all discount rates considered. Option 3 has positive NPVs for all the discount rates considered. The Internal Rate of return (IRR) is the rate at which the NPV is equal to 0.This rate can be determined by interpolating between two rates, one of which has a positive NPV and the other a negative NPV. Note: The NPV for all discount rates applied in the case of option 2 are negative. Hence the NPV corresponding to the lowest rate (10%) is used along with the undiscounted (i.e. 0% discount rate) cash flows to interpolate and arrive at the IRR. Various financial metrics are used to evaluate the feasibility of a project. Some of the popular metrics in use include the Payback Period, the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Payback period is one of the simplest methods for assessing the feasibility of a project and can be calculated quickly. The Payback period is the number of years it takes to recover the investment made in a project, and is calculated by interpolating between the two consecutive years when the cumulative cash flows from the project are respectively below and above the investment made. Suppose an investment of 100,000 results in cash flows of 20,000, 30,000, 40,000 and 50,000 in four years. The cumulative cash flows are 20,000, 50,000, 90,000 and 140,000. It is clear that the investment of 100,000 is recovered in the fourth year. The actual figure of payback period is calculated by interpolation between the last two figures. The disadvantage of the payback period is that it fails to take in account the time value of money. Time value of money arises from the fact that cash received at an earlier point in time is more valuable than the same amount of cash received at a later point in time. If one were to invest

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Collaboration - Essay Example A key disadvantage with asynchronous communication does have his limits. For instance, it is not very keen in providing data integrity as it is not reliable in transmission. Since one device transmits and the other device just receives, data can be lost until picked up by a higher device. Synchronous or â€Å"agree timing through a wire† is beneficial because it tends to synchronize data as both initiate their numeric counters, which ensures data integrity. In addition, synchronous communication allows for data to be efficient and low-error rates. A key disadvantage of synchronous communication is the fact that its too time consuming. Often times in a synchronous system, the inconsistent physical connection will spend a long time in communicating between two machines. Hence, this can cause delays. Another huge barrier in synchronous communication is the fact that it relies heavily in advanced systems for error correction. Any company using this method must invest in an advanced system. For example, embedding a router with Wi Fi capabilities would tremendously facilitate the

Bismarcks appointment of Minister President of Prussia Essay Example for Free

Bismarcks appointment of Minister President of Prussia Essay Bismarcks appointment of Minister President of Prussia (1862) was the most important turning point in the course of German nationalism in the period 1815-1919? By 1919 Germany had been united, and the nature of nationalism had changed from a freedom seeking, democratic force into one which demanded popular subservience to the state. German nationalism had clearly changed radically over the period of more than one hundred years and defining the turning point at which it changed is difficult due to the sheer number of factors that impacted upon it as well as the vast number of events and organisations which interfered with its development. Otto von Bismarck would become viewed in later years as the father of German nationalism. When he came to power 1862 the Kaiser was looking for a man who could oppose the liberals and force through a favourable army bill. However, within just nine years Germany would have become united, not without the help, though not always willing, from Bismarck. Bismarck effected the unification of Germany almost single-handedly. However, many of the opportunities which Bismarck actually attempted to manipulate were neither created by him nor very successful. Bismarck did not always manage nationalism as effectively as it is suggested. The Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71 forced to unite with the southern states in Germany when in reality it would have been unlikely that he desired this. Prussia was still attempting to absorb the north German states and to add the southern states, especially with their un-Prussian culture, risked diluting Prussias culture too far. It is clear that in 1890 Bismarck was managed by nationalism because he was forced to resign due to the outpouring of nationalist feeling that resented him attempting to hold Germany in check. He represented the old Germany, a Prussian dominated one and in an effort to find a German chancellor he was removed from office. Even the Dual Alliance in 1879 demonstrated how German nationalism forced him to take actions against his will. With his Prussian upbringing his loyalties more likely lay with Russian rather than Austria and the decline of Austria was increasingly clear for all too see, to join the young, powerful Germany with this crumbling empire would do nothing to help the country yet nationalistic feeling in Germany forced the Alliance. Bismarcks appointment in 1882 was an important moment in German nationalism but the theory that one man had such an impact upon the fate of a nation does not stand so well in light of deeper scrutiny. The Congress of Vienna held in 1815 helped create an environment which would help the growth of German nationalism. Prussias gains in the west of Germany were actually intended by the Allies to be a burden. They had given the smallest of the Great Powers the most difficult job as acting as a barricade against France. However, this would backfire on the Allies when it would later become Germanys massive industrial growth. It also affected the nature of Prussia, whereas she had previously been a predominantly Eastern European power she now had a pan-German outlook, though it appeared to begin with that she had little in common with her western population. The distance between the two main blocks of land meant that transporting goods between the two would prove difficult and this would spur the creation and development of the Prussian Customs Union in 1818 which would later become the Zollverein in 1834. However, when at the Congress of Vienna the Allies faced the question of what is Germany they fell back on historical precedent, the Holy Roman Empire. This can be seen as a retrospective step because it actually excluded areas of both Austria and Prussia, as well as making many of the smaller states much larger. The Congress of Vienna was not a turning point in German nationalism, but without it the nature of Germany could have been very different from that with which we are familiar if it existed at all. The creation of the Zollverein in 1834 was a critical turning point for German nationalism, formed from the Prussian Customs Union in 1818. Thomas Nipperdy described the creation of the Zollverein as the outstanding event in all-German history. Given the basis as a pan-German union it improved the contacts between all of the German states, encouraging them to work together for mutual benefit and broke down barriers between the regions of Germany both officially and culturally. It is often the case that economic unity leads to political as appears to be the case with the EU, formerly the European Economic Community (EEC) and the push for a European constitution. However, German political unity was far from inevitable, many Germans now saw political unity as obsolete because they achieved all the benefits of such a union without the risk of losing any of their own unique regional culture. The Zollverein was also critical in training a new cadre of diplomats for Prussia and teaching them to administer a German organisation, experience which would be invaluable in the post-unification era. Bismarck once declared in a speech to the North German Reichstag in 1869 that He who has his thumb on the purse has the power and by taking the economic leadership of the German states Prussia rose importantly and a Kleindeutsch solution to the German problem became much more feasible. It also struck a double blow in this respect. It not only made a Prussian-led Germany more likely but it made an Austrian-led Germany less likely. Because of her exclusion from the customs union the Austrian economy suffered and her already fragile market became on step closer to failing and this would be one of the major reasons for her defeat to Prussia. The use of the economy mirrored the nature of German nationalism; initially it was a liberal move, the reduction of trade barriers embodied by the introduction of the Zollverein. However, by the time unification was achieved economic policy turned its back on liberalism and the economic protectionism Bismarck employed against Russia helped show how far nationalism had changed. The Zollverein would form the template upon which the German Empire would eventually be founded, a kleindeutsch dominated by Prussia. Some historians even go so far to view the whole of the unification of Germany as purely an economic transaction, that it was not driven by political ideology but by the cold logic of money and economic expansionism. The Zollverein did represent an important twist in the history of German nationalism but it did not utterly change the face of the ideology but simply made the prospect more likely. In addition to this, the success of the Zollverein would provide the necessary environment for the rapid expansion of industry within German and this would have a critical impact upon nationalism. 1848 can very easily be viewed as the critical turning point in the history of German nationalism. It is often seen as a turning point about which history failed to turn, and it is this very failure which makes it such an important date in the history of German nationalism. 1848 presented revolutionary factions within Germany, and other countries throughout Europe, with a window of opportunity. In Paris the Second Republic is established in a welter of violence; in Sicily the Palermo Uprising takes place; in Hungary revolution boils over; Swedish revolutionaries are gunned down by their government and in Ireland the potato famine sparks the Tipperary Revolt. To the established order it appeared that stability was breaking down and anarchy threatened them. It was in this climate of exceptional change that the German revolutionary effort failed. The dithering incompetence of the middle classes, coupled with their glaring impotence discredited liberal politics and any idea of a revolution from below. This would prove potentially dangerous for the development of German nationalism. Divorced from its liberal and democratic roots it became a force of the right and of the paternalist government. This resulted in the desire for individual freedoms being sacrificed for the will of state. The government was paranoid about the dangers of the socialist movement within Germany, but they actually shared many common ideals, most markedly the concept of the priority of the state over the individual. It became obvious that power and change could not be achieved without the power of an army to back themselves; Bismarck summarised this problem in his most famous speech the great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and majority decisions that was the error of 1848 but by iron and blood. Given our knowledge of how German nationalism developed into a violent, racist, militaristic force it is clear to see that 1848 was a seminal moment in its development, the pre-1848 liberal, French-styled nationalism became a force of the militant right. 1848 also represented a turning point for German nationalism in a European context. It appeared that countries were naturally progressing from being authoritarian monarchies to becoming nationalistic, liberal democracies. Germanys refusal to follow this trend fundamentally altered the nature of German nationalism. This turning point about which history failed to turn left something rotten at the core of German nationalism. The change from idealism to brutal pragmatism, combined with the machinations of Bismarck and the authoritarian government meant that the German peoples cause was subverted and used as a weapon against those European powers who had abused Germany for such a long time. On the 18th of January 1871 the German Empire was proclaimed in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. This can easily be seen as a turning point in German nationalism, it finally created what the nationalists had been striving for over the past half century. Though it is true that the majority of what then became Germany existed in the North German Confederation created 4 years earlier after Prussias victory over Austria it represented a subtle but important shift in the history of German nationalism and the process of reaching the announcement played a very important role in defining the new Germany. Even the date upon which the Empire was announced held special significance, 270 years earlier the first Elector of Brandenburg was crowned King in Prussia. This clearly symbolically established Prussian hegemony over the newly created German Reich. Even the fact that the proclamation was made at Versailles was more significant than simple a quick expediency. Were the proclamation were to be made in Berlin, the capital of the new Empire, it would have most likely been made in Parliament. For Bismarck this would have been intolerable, in his eyes it was the army and their feudal, warlord leaders who had united the new empire rather than the romantic liberals and their speeches and majority votes. The Reich was declared in the home of imperial power, Versailles was the benchmark against which all other symbols of imperial might were measured and it clearly showed how the ruling elite of the new Germany planned to rule the country. It would be easy to say that it was a simple political humiliation for the French to have their enemies declare their new country in the French capital but to do this would ignore the deeper significance of both the time and place it was made. Nationalism within Germany underwent many changes over the period from 1815 to 1919. It suffered from a gradual change from its ideals over the time and it is difficult to differentiate between the impacts that the different potential turning points had on German nationalism. However, the most seminal moment in the history Germany nationalism was when it shifted indelibly from the idealists views to the pragmatic views of the industrialists within the country. 1866 can be seen as the turning point in the unification of Germany rather than a turning point in the nature of German nationalism. The failure of democracy in 1848 at a time when many other revolutions had succeeded left many Germans with the view that it would only be through violence and warfare blood and iron that their dreams would ever be realised.

Asian Financial Crisis Essay -- business economics

In the summer of 1997, an economic and currency crisis rocked the Asian markets. One by one, Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Korea and Japan saw their economies crash in the wake of heavy foreign investment. An economic boom had made the region an attractive investment opportunity for much of the 1990s. By 1997, however, domestic production and development had stalled, and foreign investors grew nervous. A divestment run on the Thai baht triggered the crash. Large corporations, extremely dependent upon the confidence of foreign investors failed to meet debt obligations and began to fail throughout Southeast Asia. Currencies throughout the region faltered and nosedived from their mid-1990s positions of stability. The causes of the Asian economic crisis are varied. Lax oversight of corporations had ramifications in economic downturns that were not a concern in the mid-90s boom. Macroeconomic policies of the southeast Asian countries made their economies vulnerab le to the uncertain confidence of their foreign investors. Despite this, Corsetti, Pesenti and Roubini (1998) make the point that, ?market overreaction and herding caused the plunge of exchange rates, asset prices and economic activity to be more severe than warranted by the initial weak economic conditions.? Much of the crisis that began in 1997 has roots that go back further to the area?s economic growth that started in the early 1990s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although many economists consider the Asian economic collapse to have begun in Thailand, conditions throughout the region meant that other countries? economies were destabilized to the extent that they quickly followed Thailand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the early 1990s, growth in Southeast Asia attracted much foreign capital. However, by 1995 and 1996, Thailand?s current account deficit had grown (from 5.7% in ?93 to 8.5% in ?96 [Pesenti et al., 1998]). When domestic production slowed, this account imbalance represented an even greater percentage, when compared to GDP. Much of the instability in Thailand?s economy was brought about by heavy short-term borrowing that required stringent debt maintenance. A boom in real estate and the Thai stock market attracted foreign speculation that could not be sustained in the face of investor doubts. The Thai government attempted to shore up shaky investor confidence by officially backing the financial in... ...r 1997 are from the Economist Intelligence Unit Country Report, 2nd quarter 1998. Table 2. Non-Performing Loans (as proportion of total lending in 1996) Korea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8% Thailand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13% Indonesia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13% Hong Kong   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3% Malaysia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10% China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14% Philippines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14% Taiwan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4% Singapore   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4% Source: 1997 BIS Annual Report; Jardine Fleming. Table 3. Debt Service plus Short-Term Debt, World Bank Data (% of foreign reserves ). 1990   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1991  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1993   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1994   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1995   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1996 Korea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  127.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  125.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  110.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  105.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  84.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  204.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  243.3 Indonesia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  282.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  278.8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  292.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  284.8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  278.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  309.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  294.2 Malaysia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  64.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  45.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  45.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  42.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  48.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  69.3 Philippines   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  867.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  257.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  217.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  212.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  172.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  166.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  137.1 Thailand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  102.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  99.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  101.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  120.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  126.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  138.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  122.6 Hong Kong   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22.8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16.8 China   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  108.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  113.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  54.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  49.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  38.5 Taiwan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  23.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24.2

Brain Stimulation

The primary aim of this study was to determine the extent to which human MT+/ V5, an extrastriate visual area known to mediate motion processing, is involved in visuomotor coordination. To pursue this, the excitability of MT+/ V5, primary motor, and primary visual cortex was increased or decreased by the application of seven minutes of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy human subjects while they were performing a visuomotor tracking task involving hand movements.The percentage of correct tracking movements increased specifically during and immediately after cathodal stimulation, which decreases cortical excitability, only when V5 was stimulated. None of the other stimulation conditions affected visuomotor performance. The researchers propose that the improvement in performance caused by cathodal tDCS of V5 is due to a focusing effect on the complex motion perception conditions involved in this task.This hypothesis was proven by additional ex periments: When testing simple and complex motion perception in dot kinetograms, it was found that a diminution in excitability induced by cathodal stimulation improved the subject’s perception of the direction of the coherent motion only if this was presented among random dots (complex motion perception), and worsened it if only one motion direction was presented (simple movement perception). The data suggest that area V5 is critically involved in complex motion perception and identification processes important for visuomotor coordination.The results also raise the possibility of the usefulness of tDCS in rehabilitation strategies for neurological patients with visuomotor disorders. Article 2 Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans Martha J. Farah, Laura Betancourt, David M. Shera, Jessica H. Savage, Joan M. Giannetta, Nancy L. Brodsky, Elsa K. Malmud and Hallam Hurt 1. Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, USA 2. Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics,Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, USA 3. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA Developmental Science 11:5 (2008), pp 793-801 The effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance on brain development have been studied extensively in animals. Much less is known about the relations between childhood experience and cognitive development in humans.Using a longitudinally collected data set with ecologically valid in-home measures of childhood experience and later in-laboratory behavioral measures of cognitive ability, the researchers were able to test hypotheses concerning the effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance. A double dissociation was found: On one hand, there was a selective relation between parental nurturance and memory development, consistent with the animal literature on maternal buffering of stress hormone effects on hippocampus development.On the other hand, there was a selective relation between environmental stimulation and language development. The results primarily suggest that the same general dimensions of early life experience identified as important in animal studies of brain development are also important for humans. In particular, the relation between the composites measuring parental nurturance and later memory ability, which have no common-sense connection, is consistent with studies of experience and brain development in animals. The present findings thus provide an important bridge between the study of neurocognitive development in animals and humans.Secondarily, variation in the childhood experience of healthy humans bears a systematic relationship to cognitive development, and this relationship is more selective and specific than simply better environments predicting better development. Memory development is predicted by parental nurturance but not environmental stimulation, whereas language development is predicted by environmental stimulation, but not parental nurturance. Finally, these effects represent a possible mechanism by which socioeconomic status is associated with intellectual attainment. Article 3 MEG Study of Short-Term Plasticity Following MultipleDigit Frequency Discrimination Training in Humans Lichan Liu and Andreas A. Ioannides Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan. Brain Topography, Volume 16, Number 4, Summer 2004 The researchers trained four right-handed male subjects to detect small changes in the frequency of 21 Hz electrical stimulation applied to digits 2+3+4 of the right hand for four hours. Before and after the training, magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals were recorded whe n the stimulation was applied to digit 2-5 separately using a whole-head MEG system.Tomographic analysis was applied to the MEG data to track the evolution of activity over the entire brain every 1. 6 ms and evaluated the change for each digit before and after the training. In summary: (1) subjects improved in discrimination performance with training; (2) activations were identified in the left primary somatosensory (L-SI) and medial parietal precuneus (PCu) areas, but no systematic changes were observed in location and strength of activation of these two areas; (3) after training in L-SI, the 21Hzspectral power increasedfor digits 3 and 4 over the stimulation period, while the 10 Hz spectral power increased for digit 3 around stimulus onset and offset; (4) only digit 3 showed significant change of correlation between L-SI and PCu areas around the stimulus onset and offset, coincident with the increased 10 Hz spectral power. The results suggest that short-term plasticity is associat ed with changes in timing and interaction between cortical areas. DiscussionThe main finding of the first study is that cathodal tDCS applied to the left V5 improved performance in a visuomotor coordination task that encompassed both dynamic, high-resolution perception and selection of motion predetermined by a moving target. Stimulation of the primary visual cortex and the left motor cortex did not result in significant changes in performance, nor were the reaction times in the random dot kinetogram task significantly affected. These results suggest that tDCS indeed modified visual motion perception and motor performance.Common sense says that childhood experience affects cognitive development. Yet common sense does not say which psychological or brain functions will be affected by experience, or which specific aspects of childhood experience will exert an effect. The second study attempts to address these issues empirically with a unique longitudinally collected data set including ecologically valid in-home measures of early childhood experience and later laboratory measures of cognitive function. The effects found were strikingly selective and, in addition to their statistical significance, were substantial in size.In the third study, functional rather than anatomical short-term plastic changes in the brain induced by the frequency discrimination task were identified. After training, no new activated areas or expansion of activated areas or systematic increases in activation strength in any one specific area were observed. Instead, increased spectral power around 21 Hz in L-SI for both trained digits 3 and 4 for all 4 subjects was observed. Furthermore, for digit 3, increased spectrum power at 10 Hz in L-SI for all 4 subjects between map I and II around thestimulus onset and offset was observed. Conclusion After analyzing the above three methods of brain stimulation, one can come to the conclusion that the first study was found to have the maximum results i n term of invoking activity of the stimulated areas. The study stands out among the other two not just for its methodology, but also for its high reliability and accuracy. Hence, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be considered to be the best method of brain stimulation.

Book Review Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis Essay

In the book Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis, the author relates the stories of six crucial historic events that manage to capture the flavor and fervor of the revolutionary generation and its great leaders. While each chapter or story can be read separately and completely understood, they do relate to a broader common theme. One of Ellis main purposes in writing the book was to illustrate the early stages and tribulations of the American government and its system through his use of well blended stories. The idea that a republican government of this nature was completely unprecedented is emphasized through out the book. Ellis discusses the unique problems that the revolutionary generation experienced as a result of governing under the†¦show more content†¦The chapters are titled The Generation, The Duel, The Dinner, The Silence, The Farewell, The Collaborators and The Friendship. In The Duel, the story of the legendary duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr is relat ed in its entirety. It was by far the most prominent deadly standoff between two men in history. Ellis relates the background and brief biographies of the two men involved in the duel. He also reveals the context for the duel, a culmination of political and personal jabs at Burrs character by Hamilton. In fact these jabs held a good deal of truth, and finally resulted in Burr challenging Hamilton. Both Hamilton and Burr went to the plains in Weehawken to conduct the duel in defense of their honor and characters. Historically, Hamilton is seen as a martyr in the duel and Burr seen as a treacherous murderer. This Hamiltonian viewpoint is dominant among historians because it is widely believed that Hamilton went into the duel not intending to fire a shot and that Burr fired the first shot. Ellis believes this version of the story to be wrong. He believes that Hamilton honored his bargain of not firing on Burr, wasting his first shot by firing it into the trees. Burr, thinking that Hami lton fired at him, shot and killed Hamilton with his shot. The second chapter, The Dinner, relates a secret compromise between Hamilton and Madison in the venue of a dinner party hosted by Thomas Jefferson.Show MoreRelatedfounding fathers book report873 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph J. Ellis is a well-known historian. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from the college of William and Mary, and his masters and Ph.D. at the University of Yale. Ellis is currently a full time professor of the Commonwealth at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. In addition to Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Ellis has written many books and editorials. His books include; The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of Connecticut (Yale University Press, 1983)Read MoreFounding Brothers Book Review Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesEllis, Joseph J.  Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Print. The book being critiqued in the following review is Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis. Ellis’ goal in writing this book was to define the political events and achievements that gained historical significance because they framed the successive history of the United States. Ellis wrote on this specific topic because he felt the need to argue the fact that the American Revolution and the greatnessRead MoreThe Pivotal Political Decisions On The Young American Republic Of The Late 18th Century1515 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact on the choices they made in the future. 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